Zabavko Roman Alekseevich , Fomina Inna Anatolievna

The article presents a comprehensive criminal law and forensic study of counteracting violations of veterinary rules and the rules established for the control of plant diseases and pests. The authors consistently examine the elements of the offence provided for in Article 249 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the specific features of its qualification, and its delimitation from other environmental offences. The study addresses issues of proof, tactics for conducting individual investigative actions, the specifics of commissioning and performing expert examinations, and the documentation of investigation results. The main difficulties associated with the criminal legal assessment of these acts are identified, including the determination of the object of the crime, the boundaries of lawful and unlawful action (or inaction) in the spheres of veterinary medicine and agricultural technology. The regulatory legal framework governing these areas is examined, and the socially dangerous consequences, which are not expressly defined in the text of the Criminal Code and are of an evaluative nature, are analysed. Recommendations are provided for the investigation of these crimes, the determination of the subject matter of proof, and the use of advanced technical systems, in particular unmanned aerial vehicles.

environmental crimes, violation of veterinary rules, violation of agrotechnological rules, criminal liability, environmental harm

Zabavko Roman Alekseevich – Candidate of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, Institute of Law, Irkutsk State University (1, K. Marx st., Irkutsk, 664003, Russian Federation), ORCID: 0000-0003-1613-9317, Researcher ID: AAD-4666-2021, RSCI Author ID: 499780, e-mail: zrairk@gmail.com

Fomina Inna Anatolievna – Candidate of Juridical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor at the Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, East-Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (110, Lermontov st., Irkutsk, 664071, Russian Federation), ORCID: 0000-0002-4088-7182, Researcher ID: ACC-5222-2022, , RSCI Author ID: 525344, e-mail: iafomina@mail.ru

Zabavko R.A., Fomina I.A. Narushenie veterinarnykh pravil i pravil, ustanovlennykh dlya borby s boleznyami i vreditelyami rasteniy: ugolovno-pravovaya kharakteristika i osobennosti rassledovaniya [Violation of veterinary rules and rules established for the control of plant diseases and pests: criminal law characteristics and investigative peculiarities]. Sibirskij yuridicheskij vestnik [Siberian Law Herald]. 2026, no 3 (114), pp. 118–127. – DOI 10.26516/2071-8136.2026.3.118 (in Russian).

343

1. Bokovnya A.Yu. Kriminalizatsiya deyaniy v sfere ekologicheski znachimoy deyatelnosti [Criminalization of acts in the sphere of environmentally significant activities]. Vestnik Volzhskogo universiteta im. V.N. Tatishcheva [Bulletin of Volga University named after V.N. Tatishchev], 2024, vol. 1, no. 3 (108), pp. 82-89. (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.51965/2076-7919_2024_1_3_82.86

2. Gadzhiev V.E., Romanova N.L. Problemy kvalifikatsii prestupleniy, svyazannykh s narusheniem veterinarnykh pravil v otnoshenii selskokhozyaystvennykh zhivotnykh [Problems of qualification of crimes related to violation of veterinary rules in respect of farm animals]. Soyuz kriminalistov i kriminologov [Union of Criminalists and Criminologists], 2025, no. 1, pp. 47-50. (in Russian)

3. Garbuz G.S. Primenenie metoda fotogrammetrii v rassledovanii prestupleniy, sovershaemykh v ekologicheskoy sfere [Application of the photogrammetry method in the investigation of crimes committed in the environmental sphere]. Aktualnye voprosy rossiyskogo ugolovnogo sudoproizvodstva: rassledovanie prestupleniy, naznachenie i ispolnenie nakazaniy [Current issues of Russian criminal proceedings: investigation of crimes, sentencing and execution of punishments]. Proceedings of the interregional scientific-practical conference]. Krasnoyarsk, 2025, pp. 28-31. (in Russian)

4. Golubev S.I. Narushenie veterinarnykh pravil, pravil, ustanovlennykh dlya borby s boleznyami i vreditelyami rasteniy, a takzhe pravil okhrany vodnykh biologicheskikh resursov: voprosy opredeleniya predmeta posyagatelstva [Violation of veterinary rules, rules established for combating plant diseases and pests, as well as rules for the protection of aquatic biological resources: issues of determining the object of encroachment]. Vestnik Altayskoy akademii ekonomiki i prava [Bulletin of Altai Academy of Economics and Law], 2020, no. 10-1, pp. 102-107. https://doi.org/10.17513/vaael.1353 (in Russian)

5. Petukhova O.A. Nekotorye organizatsionno-takticheskie osobennosti osmotra dokumentov po delam ob ekologicheskikh prestupleniyakh [Some organizational and tactical features of examination of documents in cases of environmental crimes]. Izvestiya TulGU. Ekonomicheskie i yuridicheskie nauki [Proceedings of Tula State University. Economic and Legal Sciences], 2015, no. 1-2, pp. 73-78. (in Russian)

6. Simonyan G.G. Problemnye voprosy rassledovaniya ekologicheskikh prestupleniy [Problematic issues of investigation of environmental crimes]. Molodoy issledovatel Dona [Young Researcher of the Don], 2019, no. 6 (21), pp. 146-149. (in Russian)

7. Vitvitskaya S.S., Keydunova E.R., Mavrenkova E.A. Ekologicheskie prestupleniya v sfere selskogo khozyaystva [Environmental crimes in the sphere of agriculture]. Vestnik yuridicheskogo fakulteta Yuzhnogo federalnogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Faculty of Law of Southern Federal University], 2023, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 59-66. https://doi.org/10.18522/2313-6138-2023-10-4-8 (in Russian)

8. Yuridicheskaya otvetstvennost za ekologicheskie pravonarusheniya [Legal liability for environmental offenses]. Ed. by O.L. Dubovik. Moscow, Institute of State and Law RAS Publ., 2012, 170 p. (in Russian)